Bayesian analysis of De distributions in optical dating: Towards a robust method for dealing with outliers     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

In optical dating, especially single-grain dating, various patterns of distributions in equivalent dose (D_e) are usually observed and analysed using different statistical models. None of these methods, however, is designed to deal with outliers that do not form part of the population of grains associated with the event of interest (the ‘target population’), despite outliers being commonly present in single-grain D_e distributions. In this paper, we present a Bayesian method for detecting D_e outliers and making allowance for them when estimating the D_e value of the target population. We test this so-called Bayesian outlier model (BOM) using data sets obtained for individual grains of quartz from sediments deposited in a variety of settings, and in simulations. We find that the BOM is suitable for single-grain D_e distributions containing outliers that, for a variety of reasons, do not form part of the target population. For example, D_e outliers may be associated with grains that have undesirable luminescence properties (e.g., thermal instability, high rates of anomalous fading) or with contaminant grains incorporated into a sample when collected in the field or prepared in the laboratory. Grains that have much larger or smaller D_e values than the target population, due to factors such as insufficient bleaching, beta-dose heterogeneity or post-depositional disturbance, may also be identified as outliers using the BOM, enabling these values to be weighted appropriately for final D_e and age determination.  相似文献   

造山型金矿中富CO_(2)高内压流体包裹体完全均一温度的有效测定实验研究——以东天山玉峰金矿床为例SCIEI北大核心CSCD     

于立栋  李胜虎  张静  何西恒  于学峰  单伟  迟乃杰 《岩石学报》2022,38(1):267-280

形成于中-深成条件下的造山型金矿的成矿流体属于H_(2)O-NaCl-CO_(2)体系,金矿化阶段的石英中发育大量的富CO_(2)流体包裹体。长期以来,用常规冷热台对其进行显微测温热力学研究时,较高的内压力会造成绝大多数CO_(2)充填度>0.4的包裹体在尚未达到完全均一状态前就发生爆裂或泄露,导致所测的完全均一温度值明显偏离真实值,甚至无法测得完全均一温度,这制约了对造山型金矿床成矿条件的认知。针对该问题,本文以东天山玉峰金矿床富金矿石中的H_(2)O-NaCl包裹体(A型)和H_(2)O-NaCl-CO_(2)包裹体(AC型)为研究对象,介绍了利用最新型热液金刚石压腔(HDAC-VT型号)测试富CO_(2)高内压的AC型包裹体完全均一温度的实验流程与结果,并将实验数据与Linkam THMSG600冷热台测得的A型、AC型包裹体的完全均一温度进行了对比分析。实验结果表明,热液金刚石压腔能够有效阻止富CO_(2)流体包裹体在升温过程中发生爆裂、泄露等非弹性体积改变现象的发生,从而获得有效的完全均一温度。同时,本文还提出了一个新的压力-温度拟合线两线相交法,对热液金刚石压腔所测富CO_(2)流体包裹体的完全均一温度数据进行校正,以最大程度上减少外压力造成的影响,获得更为接近真实成矿流体的完全均一温度。基于此,获得玉峰金矿床的成矿温度和成矿压力分别为312~343℃和181~268 MPa。本文的实验研究工作显示了热液金刚石压腔在中-深成造山型金矿富CO_(2)成矿流体的研究领域具有重要应用前景。  相似文献   

Transformation of ammonium nitrogen and response characteristics of nitrifying functional genes in tannery sludge contaminated soil          下载免费PDF全文

Kong Xiang-ke  Zhang Zi-xuan  Wang Ping  Wang Yan-yan  Zhang Zhao-ji  Han Zhan-tao  Ma Li-sha 《地下水科学与工程》2022,10(3):223-232

High concentrations of ammonium nitrogen released from tannery sludge during storage in open air may cause nitrogen pollution to soil and groundwater. To study the transformation mechanism of NH₄⁺-N by nitrifying functional bacteria in tannery sludge contaminated soils, a series of contaminated soil culture experiments were conducted in this study. The contents of ammonium nitrogen (as NH₄⁺-N), nitrite nitrogen (as NO₂^?-N) and nitrate nitrogen (as NO₃^?-N) were analyzed during the culture period under different conditions of pollution load, soil particle and redox environment. Sigmodial equation was used to interpret the change of NO₃^?-N with time in contaminated soils. The abundance variations of nitrifying functional genes (amoA and nxrA) were also detected using the real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR method. The results show that the nitrification of NH₄⁺-N was aggravated in the contaminated silt soil and fine sand under the condition of lower pollution load, finer particle size and more oxidizing environment. The sigmodial equation well fitted the dynamic accumulation curve of the NO₃^?-N content in the tannery sludge contaminated soils. The Cr(III) content increased with increasing pollution load, which inhibited the reproduction and activity of nitrifying bacteria in the soils, especially in coarse-grained soil. The accumulation of NO₂^?-N contents became more obvious with the increase of pollution load in the fine sand, and only 41.5% of the NH₄⁺-N was transformed to NO₃^?-N. The redox environment was the main factor affecting nitrification process in the soil. Compared to the aerobic soil environment, the transformation of NH₄⁺-N was significantly inhibited under anaerobic incubation condition, and the NO₃^?-N contents decreased by 37.2%, 61.9% and 91.9% under low, medium and high pollution loads, respectively. Nitrification was stronger in the silt soil since its copy number of amoA and nxrA genes was two times larger than that of fine sand. Moreover, the copy numbers of amoA and nxrA genes in the silt soil under the aerobic environment were 2.7 times and 2.2 times larger than those in the anaerobic environment. The abundance changes of the amoA and nxrA functional genes have a positive correlation with the nitrification intensity in the tannery sludge-contaminated soil.  相似文献   

中国夏季风影响过渡区与其他地区蒸发皿蒸发量趋势相反的原因     

杨司琪  张强  奚小霞  乔梁 《大气科学》2019,43(6):1441-1450

夏季风影响过渡区是天气和气候的敏感区,随着全球和区域的变暖,该区域特殊的气候环境响应引起人们重点关注。以南昌、定西、乌鲁木齐作为夏季风影响区、夏季风影响过渡区以及非夏季风影响区的代表站,通过对比中国夏季风影响过渡区和其他地区50年来温度、日照时数、相对湿度、降水量、低云量、风速的变化趋势,以及分析各气象因子单独变化对蒸发皿蒸发量的影响,发现在夏季风影响过渡区各个气象因子的变化均使蒸发皿蒸发量增加,而在其他地区,只有温度变化会使蒸发皿蒸发量增加,其他各因子的变化均会造成蒸发皿蒸发量的下降。贡献度更直观的反映各气象因子对不同地区蒸发皿蒸发的作用。结果表明温度变化对夏季风影响过渡区蒸发皿蒸发变率的贡献最大,贡献度为48.93%。风速变化对夏季风影响区蒸发皿蒸发变率的贡献最大,贡献度为51.54%。降水变化对非夏季风影响区蒸发皿蒸发变率的贡献最大,贡献度为58.57%。此外,低云量的变化对夏季风影响过渡区、夏季风影响区和非夏季风影响区的贡献均达到20%以上。因此,不同地区影响蒸发皿蒸发的最主要的因子是不同的,但低云量对任何地区蒸发皿蒸发的影响都非常重要。  相似文献   

青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)IKK基因的克隆及其在鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)刺激下的表达分析     

侯梓园  高姗  潘宝平  闫春财 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(2):437-442

利用构建的青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)转录组文库,筛选到青蛤IKK基因的类似序列。经设计引物克隆比对后确认为CsIKK基因。利用生物信息学软件在线对该基因进行结构分析。采用PCR技术克隆基因,并使用实时荧光定量PCR技术克隆得到CsIKK基因在青蛤五个不同组织中的表达情况及在鳗弧菌(Vibrioanguillarum)的刺激下IKK基因在青蛤血淋巴中的时序性表达情况。综合结果得到, CsIKK基因序列开放阅读框长2298bp,编码765个氨基酸。IKK基因在青蛤的血淋巴、外套膜、闭壳肌、肝脏、性腺和鳃六个组织中均表达,在血淋巴中表达量最高。青蛤IKK基因在鳗弧菌胁迫下表达量在6h时达到最大值,与对照组相比差异极显著(P0.01),表明该基因所指导的蛋白是青蛤重要的免疫信号通路蛋白。  相似文献   

A simplified approach to design fuzzy logic controller for an underwater vehicle   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K. Ishaque  S.S. Abdullah  S.M. Ayob  Z. Salam 《Ocean Engineering》2011,38(1):271-284

Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) performance is greatly dependent on its inference rules. In most cases, the more rules being applied to an FLC, the accuracy of the control action is enhanced. Nevertheless, a large set of rules requires more computation time. As a result, an FLC implementation requires fast and high performance processors. This paper describes a simplified control scheme to design a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for an underwater vehicle namely, deep submergence rescue vehicle (DSRV). The proposed method, known as the single input fuzzy logic controller (SIFLC), reduces the conventional two-input FLC (CFLC) to a single input FLC. The SIFLC offers significant reduction in rule inferences and simplifies the tuning process of control parameters. The performance of the proposed controller is validated via simulation by using the marine systems simulator (MSS) on the Matlab/Simulink^® platform. During simulation, the DSRV is subjected to ocean wave disturbances. The results indicate that the SIFLC, Mamdani and Sugeno type CFLC give identical response to the same input sets. However, an SIFLC requires very minimum tuning effort and its execution time is in the orders of two magnitudes less than CFLC.  相似文献   

Structural-stratigraphic control on the Umitaka Spur gas hydrates of Joetsu Basin in the eastern margin of Japan Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Antonio Fernando Menezes Freire  Ryo Matsumoto  Luiz Alberto Santos 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(10):1967-1978

Integrated geological, geochemical, and geophysical exploration since 2004 has identified massive accumulation of gas hydrate associated with active methane seeps on the Umitaka Spur, located in the Joetsu Basin on the eastern margin of Japan Sea. Umitaka Spur is an asymmetric anticline formed along an incipient subduction zone that extends throughout the western side of the Japanese island-arc system. Seismic surveys recognized chimney structures that seem strongly controlled by a complex anticlinal axial fault system, and exhibit high seismic amplitudes with apparent pull-up structures, probably due to massive and dense accumulation of gas hydrate. Bottom simulating reflectors are widely developed, in particular within gas chimneys and in the gently dipping eastern flank of the anticline, where debris can store gas hydrates that may represent a potential natural gas resource. The axial fault system, the shape of the anticline, and the carrier beds induce thermogenic gas migration to the top of the structure, and supply gas to the gas hydrate stability zone. Gas reaching the seafloor produces strong seepages and giant plumes in the sea water column.  相似文献   

大菱鲆亲子鉴定的微卫星多重PCR技术建立及应用     

苗贵东  杜民  杨景峰  徐营  樊廷俊  陈松林 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,(Z1):97-106

用8个微卫星标记组合建立了2个微卫星多重PCR体系,对大菱鲆7个人工选育家系进行了系谱认证、亲子鉴定和遗传多样性研究。2个多重PCR体系中8个微卫星位点共检测到等位基因49个,每个位点等位基因数为3~8个。根据已知亲本及子代基因型,成功推断出了3个缺失亲本的基因型。在双亲未知的情况下2个多重PCR的8个微卫星位点累积排除概率是96.58%,已知1个亲本时累积排除率为99.71%,亲子鉴定准确率为96.42%。采用70个个体进行双盲验证,利用UPGMA法对7个家系的70个体进行了聚类分析,同一家系95.71%的个体聚类分析结果与系谱来源一致。Cervus 2.0软件亲子鉴定结果表明亲子鉴定准确率为92.86%。2个多重PCR体系的建立为大菱鲆不同家系混养后的亲子鉴定、系谱分析和分子辅助家系管理提供了技术手段。  相似文献   

浙中一次强对流天气动力热力场和雷达回波特征分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周梅  许洪泽  方桃妮  郑朝霞 《气象科技》2015,43(1):116-124

利用NCEP再分析资料、常规气象观测和区域自动站观测资料、闪电及多普勒雷达天气资料,对2013年5月29日浙中局地强对流天气过程的环境场、触发机制和雷达回波特征进行了分析。结果表明：局地强对流天气是在东北冷涡背景下产生的;高空冷平流南侵、低层暖平流北上,有利于大气对流不稳定度进一步加大;在热力不稳定能量增长储存条件下,冷空气、地面辐合线与中低层切变线是强对流天气的重要触发机制,地面辐合线对强对流天气还具有组织作用;沿等熵面移动的较大位涡有利于超级单体风暴的发生和发展;初夏0 ℃层高度偏高,但在满足强烈位势不稳定、中等风垂直切变以及低层充足水汽条件下仍可以导致局地小冰雹的产生;地面大风过程是低空暖湿气流入流在快要进入上升气流区时受到上升气流区的抽吸作用而加速导致生成的;多个回波强核被中气旋组织在一起,形成超级单体风暴造成了局地强风雹天气。  相似文献   

山东半岛南部一次沿海强降雨成因分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

杨晓霞  王金东  姜鹏  吴君  夏凡  华雯丽 《气象科技》2015,43(3):512-521

利用常规气象观测资料、区域自动站观测资料、NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料和雷达探测等资料,对2012年9月21日山东半岛南部沿海强降雨过程的成因进行了天气学诊断分析,结果表明:1强降雨是在500hPa第1个西风槽过后第2个西风槽逼近的过程中产生的,850hPa以下为偏南的向岸风,且风速随时间增大,形成偏南的超低空急流,持续地向沿海输送水汽和能量,造成水汽辐合、湿度增大、对流有效位能升高。产生强降雨的水汽和不稳定能量条件远小于内陆地区。2在向岸的超低空急流的左侧产生中小尺度的涡旋和辐合上升,海岸地形抬升作用使得上升运动加强,触发对流不稳定能量释放,造成强降水。3在雷达回波中,小尺度的对流单体沿海岸线向西南方向发展,后期在日照附近的沿海形成弓状回波,向东南海区移动。  相似文献